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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 21819-21832; doi:10.3390/ijmsOPEN ACCESSInternational Journal ofMolecular SciencesISSN 1422-0067 mdpi/journal/ijms ArticleOpposite Associations of Plasma Homoarginine and Ornithine with Arginine in Healthy Youngsters and AdolescentsAleksandra Jawiska-Kozuba 1, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer 2, Olga Kruszelnicka 3, Jaroslaw Rycaj 4, Bernadeta Chyrchel 5, Andrzej Surdacki 5,* and Stefanie M.98642-15-0 Purity Bode-B er1Almed-Elektra Healthcare Center, 41-710 Ruda lska, Poland; E-Mail: almedelektra@interia.Price of Ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate pl Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.M.-L.); [email protected] (S.M.B.-B.) Division of Coronary Artery Illness, the John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Cracow, Poland; E-Mail: [email protected] Division of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Defects and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Ailments in Zabrze, Health-related University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; E-Mail: [email protected] 2nd Department of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College and University Hospital, 31-501 Cracow, Poland; E-Mail: [email protected]* Author to whom correspondence ought to be addressed; E-Mail: surdacki.PMID:33527986 [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +48-12-424-7180. Received: 12 August 2013; in revised type: 20 September 2013 / Accepted: 9 October 2013 / Published: 4 NovemberAbstract: Homoarginine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is formed when lysine replaces ornithine in reactions catalyzed by hepatic urea cycle enzymes or lysine substitutes for glycine as a substrate of renal arginine:glycine amidinotransferase. Decreased circulating homoarginine and elevated ornithine, a downstream product of arginase, predict adverse cardiovascular outcome. Our aim was to investigate correlates of plasma homoarginine and ornithine and their relations with carotid vascular structure in 40 healthful children and adolescents aged three?eight years without the need of coexistent illnesses or subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Homoarginine, ornithine, arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) had been measured by liquid ch.